Automatically choose database connections in CakePHP
When developing applications it is wise to isolate development environments from live production environments. This is true of your code and your database structures
For me this means my local SuSE server runs any developmental code before I push it off to a shared hosting account out on the real live web.
The frustrating part for me was changing between two distinct database connections. Every time I uploaded the complete application I would need to manually change connection strings.
Well no more! A simple logic switch can do the work for me (and you), hooray!.
Old database.php
class DATABASE_CONFIG { var $default = array( 'driver' => 'mysql', 'connect' => 'mysql_connect', 'host' => 'localhost', 'login' => 'cakeuser', 'password' => 'cake4ever', 'database' => 'site_db', 'prefix' => 'mydb_' ); }
Improved database.php
class DATABASE_CONFIG { //initalize variable as null var $default=null; //set up connection details to use in Live production server var $prod = array( 'driver' => 'mysql', 'connect' => 'mysql_connect', 'host' => 'mysql123.example.com', 'login' => 'username', 'password' => 'pa55word', 'database' => 'dbname', 'prefix' => 'dbpre_' ); // and details to use on your local machine for testing and development var $dev = array( 'driver' => 'mysql', 'connect' => 'mysql_connect', 'host' => 'localhost', 'login' => 'username', 'password' => 'password', 'database' => 'baungenjar', 'prefix' => 'dbpre_' ); // the construct function is called automatically, and chooses prod or dev. UPdate! works for baking now function __construct () { //check to see if server name is set (thanks Frank) if(isset($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])){ switch($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']){ case 'digbiz.localhost': $this->default = $this->dev; break; case 'digbiz.example.com': $this->default = $this->prod; break; } } else // we are likely baking, use our local db { $this->default = $this->dev; } } }
What’s Happening
PHP provides a whole bunch of useful server variables, one of which is the name of the server hosting the scripts.
When the database class gets created, the construct function (if present) is called. This is true of any PHP class. We take advantage of this to check our server’s name before actually setting up the connections.
If we are not using the local server, then we set the default connection to use our production connection, otherwise we use our local connection.
NOTE: The order is important here, since CakePHP’s bake script will not have a server name, so we should always default to localhost, since thats where any backing would occur anyhow.
So sweet! I am having issues with baking though, any thoughts?
how about checking for db connection as well at this time and if db is down (ie site is down) redirecting to an error page?
@Mandy
I don’t that is something you would want to do in this class, since it comes before connections are made. But, cake has custom error pages based on missing tables.
If you want something more advance you should visit Felix Geisendörfer’s article Handling database connection errors in CakePHP
@Nick I was also having trouble baking, check if $_SERVER isset to sort it out:
if (isset($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']) && !strstr($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'], ‘localhost’)) { etc…
@Frank
Thanks Frank, that is a beautiful tip.
@ Others..
because baking is running as a script at the console, it does not have server values set. Thus you first check to see if they do not exist(meaning its a local bake), otherwise you may continue by checking names to distinguish development, performance and production servers.
Why not streamline all this if/else and just use the default: case
//check to see if server name is set (thanks Frank)
switch($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']){
case ‘digbiz.localhost’:
$this->default = $this->dev;
break;
case ‘digbiz.example.com’:
$this->default = $this->prod;
break;
default:
// we are likely baking, use our local db
$this->default = $this->dev;
}
Small point, how about reducing it further?
function __construct () {
// Set default DB
$this->default = $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] ==’digbiz.example.com’?$this->prod:$this->dev;
}
This was very helpful, thanks! Solved a problem for me!
Iuse a similar method, but set a constant APP_ENV in the main index.php file – easier to find, and to switch options automatically (debug level, security etc.) in other files.
function __construct() {
switch(APP_ENV) {
case ‘production’:
$this->default = $this->production;
case ‘staging’:
$this->default = $this->staging;
default:
$this->default = $this->devel;
}
}
@gattu
The point here is to get away from manually set variables. IMHO code should not change between environments
this works for me:
if (stristr($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'], ‘MyServerName’)) {
Hi
I need to let users to change the current database, For example, I have Oracle and MySQL and I want to let user change the db from setting page! Any idea?
Thanks
Sherry
@sehrry
It can be done.but not in the bootstrap file which is one time startup.you will have to hook into your login workflow and make the change through App: config.
App controller might be a decent place since all requests can access it.
Good luck